Mechanism and Compounding Ratio of 1158 Fire-Fighting Fluorocarbon-Hydrocarbon Composite System
#Industry News ·2026-05-07 18:47:40
Experimental Study and Proportion Optimization Analysis on 1158 Fire-Fighting Fluorocarbon-Hydrocarbon Compound System
3. Experimental Section
3.1 Experimental Raw Materials and Instruments
3.1.1 Experimental Raw Materials
All raw materials used in this experiment are special-grade products for fire-fighting chemical industry, which comply with the production quality standards of fire extinguishing agents and meet the industrial production requirements of environmentally friendly aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents and water-based fire extinguishing agents. The specific raw materials are as follows: 1158 fire-fighting fluorocarbon surfactant (industrial grade, special for fire protection), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS, anionic hydrocarbon surfactant), Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG0814, nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant), Sodium Laureth Sulfate (AES), deionized water, special foam stabilizer for fire protection, and compound cosolvent. All raw materials have passed the quality inspection of fire-fighting chemical products to ensure the accuracy and practicality of experimental results.
3.1.2 Experimental Instruments
Standard testing instruments for the fire-fighting chemical industry are adopted in the experiment to accurately guarantee the scientificity and reliability of experimental data. The specific instruments include: automatic interfacial tensiometer (for testing the surface activity of fire extinguishing agents), Ross-Miles foam meter (for testing foam performance), standard fire extinguishing performance test device (for verifying fire extinguishing effect), digital constant temperature stirrer, electric constant temperature drying oven, and rotational viscometer.
3.2 Optimization Design of Compound Proportion
The orthogonal test method is adopted in this experiment. Taking 1158 fire-fighting fluorocarbon surfactant, anionic hydrocarbon surfactant (SDS) and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant (APG0814) as the three core variables, the influence of compound proportion on the comprehensive performance of water-based fire extinguishing agents is systematically explored, providing data support for the optimization of fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon compound system.
The gradient settings of mass fraction for specific variables are as follows:
Mass fraction of 1158 fire-fighting fluorocarbon surfactant: 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.5%;
Mass fraction of anionic hydrocarbon surfactant (SDS): 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%;
Mass fraction of nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant (APG0814): 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%.
Four core indicators including surface tension, foam half-life, oil surface spreading time and fire extinguishing time are selected as the evaluation criteria for screening the optimal compound proportion of 1158 fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon system. This ensures the experimental results fit the practical application scenarios of fire extinguishing agents and meet the requirements of the national standard GB/T 15308-2018 Foam Extinguishing Agents.
3.3 Performance Test Methods
To accurately evaluate the performance of the compound system, all tests are conducted in accordance with the standard specifications of the fire-fighting chemical industry. The specific test methods are as follows:
Surface Tension Test: An automatic interfacial tensiometer is used to test the equilibrium surface tension of the compound fire extinguishing agent system under a constant temperature of 25℃. It mainly evaluates the surface activity of the system and provides data reference for the spreading performance of aqueous film.
Foam Performance Test: A Ross-Miles foam meter is used to accurately test the foaming height and foam half-life of the compound system, focusing on evaluating foam stability and ensuring the fire extinguishing agent’s ability of long-term coverage and re-ignition suppression.
Spreading Performance Test: Simulating industrial oil fire scenarios, the complete spreading time of the compound fire extinguishing agent on diesel surface is recorded to verify the formation efficiency of aqueous film and ensure the agent can quickly control the spread of fire.
Fire Extinguishing Performance Test: In strict accordance with the national standard GB/T 15308-2018 Foam Extinguishing Agents, standard oil pan fire tests are carried out to test the fire extinguishing time and re-ignition resistance of the fire extinguishing agent. It accurately determines the fire protection performance grade of the product and ensures its adaptability to the fire fighting demands of various oil fires.
4. Experimental Results and Optimization Analysis of Compound Proportion
4.1 Determination of Optimal Compound Proportion
Through range analysis and variance analysis of orthogonal tests, multiple groups of experimental data are systematically verified and screened. Finally, the optimal compound mass fraction of 1158 fire-fighting fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon surfactant is determined to maximize the synergistic effect of the compound system:
1158 fluorocarbon surfactant 1.2% + Anionic hydrocarbon surfactant (SDS) 1.5% + Nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant (APG0814) 1.0%
Under this optimal compound proportion, the core performance indicators of environmentally friendly aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents fully meet and far exceed the requirements of national standards. The specific performance data are as follows, which can be directly used as a reference for industrial production:
Surface tension: 21.6 mN/m, meeting the core requirements of rapid spreading of aqueous film and efficient oxygen isolation for fire extinguishing, suitable for rapid suppression of oil fires;
Foam half-life: ≥8 min, with excellent foam stability, capable of covering the combustion surface for a long time, inhibiting fire re-ignition and improving fire safety;
Oil surface spreading time: ≤3 s, featuring fast film-forming speed, which can quickly block the combustion chain reaction and effectively control fire spread;
Oil pan fire extinguishing time: ≤7 s, re-ignition resistance time ≥15 min, with outstanding fire extinguishing performance, suitable for fighting oil fires in gas stations, chemical plants, warehouses and other scenarios.
4.2 Influence Law of Compound Proportion on Performance
4.2.1 Influence of Dosage of 1158 Fire-Fighting Fluorocarbon Surfactant
As the core active component of the compound system, the dosage of 1158 fire-fighting fluorocarbon surfactant directly determines the surface activity and film-forming performance of fire-fighting foam liquid. When the dosage of fluorocarbon component is lower than 1.0%, the surface tension of the compound system is relatively high, a complete and dense aqueous film cannot be formed on the oil surface, the fire extinguishing efficiency drops significantly and the fire extinguishing time is obviously prolonged, failing to meet the actual fire fighting demands. When the dosage exceeds 1.5%, the improvement of the system’s fire extinguishing performance tends to be gentle. Meanwhile, it will greatly increase the cost of fire-fighting chemical raw materials, reduce the cost performance of industrial product production, and fail to conform to the industry development trend of low fluorine and high efficiency.
4.2.2 Influence of Dosage of Hydrocarbon Surfactant
Hydrocarbon surfactants (SDS, APG0814) serve as auxiliary foaming components of the compound system, and their dosage has a significant impact on foam performance and fire extinguishing timeliness. If the addition ratio is too low, the system has insufficient foaming capacity and fragile foam structure prone to rupture, resulting in poor fire coverage and failure to isolate oxygen effectively. If the ratio is too high, the viscosity of the system increases abnormally, which reduces the fluidity and oil surface spreading speed of the fire extinguishing agent, prolongs the fire extinguishing time and affects the timeliness of fire fighting.
4.2.3 Influence of Compound Proportion of Anionic and Nonionic Hydrocarbon Surfactants
The compound proportion of anionic and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants (SDS and APG0814) directly affects the synergistic effect with 1158 fluorocarbon components. When the proportion of the two is balanced, the compatibility with 1158 fluorocarbon components is the best and the synergistic effect reaches the peak. It can further optimize the surface activity, foaming performance and fire extinguishing efficiency of water-based fire-fighting foam liquid, comprehensively improve the comprehensive application performance of fire extinguishing agents, and achieve the research and development goal of low fluorine, high efficiency, environmental protection and stability.
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