Application Mechanism, Formula Optimization and Authoritative Formula of 1158 Fire-Fighting Fluorocarbon Surfactant in AFFF I. Application Mechanism of 1158 Fluorocarbon Surfactant in AFFF

#Company News ·2026-04-29 19:23:36

Application Mechanism, Formula Optimization and Authoritative Formula of 1158 Fire-Fighting Fluorocarbon Surfactant in AFFF

I. Application Mechanism of 1158 Fluorocarbon Surfactant in AFFF

1158 is a short-chain amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant (PFOS/PFOA-free and environmentally friendly). Its core functions include ultra-low surface tension, interfacial synergism and foam stabilization, supporting the dual fire-extinguishing mechanism of AFFF: "water film isolation + foam smothering".

1. Core Action Mechanism

Ultra-low surface tension (Key): It reduces the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 18–22 mN/m, meeting the thermodynamic conditions for spreading on oil surfaces (spreading coefficient ＞ 0). It rapidly forms a continuous and dense micron-level water film to isolate oxygen and inhibit the volatilization of oil vapor.

Interfacial synergistic enhancement: Compound with hydrocarbon surfactants to simultaneously reduce oil-water interfacial tension, improve the adhesion and shrinkage resistance of water film, prevent oil film penetration, and adapt to Class B fires such as gasoline, diesel and aviation kerosene.

Foam stabilization and rheological optimization: The amphoteric structure (anionic/cationic groups) enhances the viscoelasticity and burn resistance of foam, extends the 25% drainage time (≥5 min), improves the retention performance of foam on inclined/flowing fire surfaces, and suppresses re-ignition.

Environmental protection and compatibility: With short fluorocarbon chain (C4–C6), it features low toxicity and easy biodegradation. It has good compatibility with hydrocarbons, cosolvents and antifreeze agents, complying with GB/T 15308-2006 and environmental protection standards.

2. Whole Process of Fire Extinguishing

Spraying: The foam solution diffuses, and 1158 rapidly accumulates at gas-liquid and oil-water interfaces.

Water film formation: Ultra-low tension drives the water film to fully cover the oil surface within 1–3 seconds and block the combustion chain reaction.

Foam covering: Superimposed stable foam layer achieves heat insulation, oxygen isolation and heat absorption cooling.

Burn resistance and fire suppression: The synergistic effect of water film and foam inhibits re-ignition, suitable for large-area flowing fires and storage tank fires.

II. Optimization of AFFF Formula System (Based on 1158)

1. Core Optimization Principles

Low fluorine and high efficiency: The dosage of 1158 is controlled at 0.8–1.5% (replacing traditional 2–3% long-chain fluorocarbons), realizing cost reduction and environmental protection.

Synergistic compounding: Amphoteric fluorocarbon (1158) + anionic hydrocarbon (SDS/AES) + nonionic hydrocarbon (APG/Fatty Alcohol Ether) to balance surface tension, foaming performance and foam stability.

Priority to stability: Control pH within 6.5–8.0, add chelating agent (EDTA-2Na) and preservative (Sodium Benzoate) to solve the problems of low-temperature stratification and high-temperature degradation.

Antifreeze and rheological property: Polyols (Ethylene Glycol/Propylene Glycol) are used as antifreeze agents and cosolvents, adapting to the environment of -20℃～50℃.

2. Key Optimization Directions

Fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon compounding ratio: 1158 (amphoteric) : Hydrocarbon (anionic + nonionic) = 1:8–1:12, with surface tension ＜ 22 mN/m and foaming multiple ≥ 25 times.

Upgrade of foam stabilization system: Xanthan Gum (0.1–0.3%) + Triethanolamine (0.2–0.5%), with 25% drainage time ≥ 8 min and burn resistance time ≥ 15 min.

Environmental replacement: Completely eliminate PFOS/PFOA, adopt the compounding of 1158 and short-chain fluorocarbons, with biodegradation rate ≥ 60%.

pH and ion balance: Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate/Citric Acid buffer system inhibits hydrolysis and extends the storage period (≥2 years).