Optimal Formulation System of Special Fire Extinguishing Agent for Lithium‑ion Batteries (Precise Mass Fraction Ratio)
Combined with industrial practical test data, a high‑efficiency and high‑stability fire‑extinguishing agent specially for lithium‑ion batteries is optimized with C6 betaine‑type amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant (Models 1158/1630) as the core, mixed with hydrocarbon surfactants, foaming agents and flame‑retardant passivating additives. It is applicable to fire‑fighting scenarios of new‑energy batteries, energy storage power stations and lithium‑ion battery workshops.
Complete Formulation Ratio (Mass Fraction)
Amphoteric fluorocarbon surfactant (C6 betaine‑type 1158/1630): 3–5%
Hydrocarbon surfactant (Cocamidopropyl Betaine / BS‑12): 4–6%
Foaming agent (Alkyl Polyglycoside, APG): 6–8%
Cosolvent (Ethylene Glycol / Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether): 9.5–15%
Flame‑retardant passivator (Ammonium Polyphosphate / Organic Ammonium Salt): 5–10%
Complexing agent (Disodium EDTA): 0.05–0.2%
Deionized water: Balance (60–70%)
Key Parameters of Core Ratio
Optimal synergistic ratio of the formulation: fluorocarbon surfactant : hydrocarbon surfactant = 1:1.2–1:2. In industrial production, the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant must be strictly guaranteed at ≥3% to stably exert core fire‑extinguishing properties including ultra‑low surface tension, rapid film formation and deep penetration, so as to avoid fire‑extinguishing failure and subsequent re‑ignition.
III. Core Deficiencies of Existing Lithium‑ion Battery Fire‑Extinguishing Agent Formulation Systems and Targeted Improvement Schemes
Current conventional amphoteric fluorocarbon‑based lithium‑ion battery fire‑extinguishing agents still have performance defects in low‑temperature environments, high‑temperature combustion resistance and long‑term flame suppression. Targeted technically implementable improvement schemes are proposed for the two core pain points.
Insufficient Low‑Temperature Performance and Optimization Improvements
Existing Deficiency: For conventional formulations, the system viscosity rises sharply at 0℃ and below, leading to deteriorated fluidity, slowed spreading speed and significantly reduced low‑temperature fire‑extinguishing efficiency, which cannot adapt to outdoor and low‑temperature fire‑fighting scenarios in northern regions.
Optimization Scheme: Adopt ether‑bond/branched‑chain modified fluorocarbon surfactants to lower the system freezing point and improve low‑temperature fluidity; compound with a small amount of organosilicon surfactants to collaboratively enhance low‑temperature wetting and spreading performance, realizing stable fire extinguishing over a wide temperature range.
Weak High‑Temperature Combustion Resistance and Re‑ignition Inhibition Capacity with Optimization Improvements
Existing Deficiency: Lithium‑ion batteries burn at extremely high temperatures. The foam film of conventional fire‑extinguishing agents features poor stability and is prone to rupture under high temperatures, failing to cover battery cells for a long time, thus causing repeated re‑ignition and incomplete fire suppression of lithium‑ion batteries.
Optimization Scheme: Add 0.5–1% siloxane foam stabilizer to the formulation to form a dense and elastic protective film and improve the foam’s high‑temperature resistance and rupture resistance; meanwhile, increase the content of ammonium polyphosphate flame‑retardant passivator to 8–10% to strengthen the flame‑retardant and passivating effect on battery cells and achieve long‑term inhibition of lithium‑ion battery re‑ignition.
